7.2.5 Energy Wastage Identification at UNISSULA
Periodic Energy Review to Identify Areas of Energy Wastage
Universitas Islam Sultan Agung (UNISSULA) conducts periodic energy reviews to identify buildings, operational areas, and activities with relatively high energy consumption and potential energy wastage.
The review supports the university’s broader Energy Efficiency Plan by assessing electricity use across major campus buildings and identifying areas where energy-saving measures should be prioritised.
The review process considers electricity consumption, building function, operational patterns, the use of air-conditioning, laboratory and clinical equipment, lighting, lifts, computers, refrigeration equipment, and other electrical appliances.
The objective is not only to identify buildings with high energy consumption, but also to determine whether part of that consumption can be reduced through more efficient operation and improved energy management.
Campus Buildings Included in the Energy Review
The 2025 energy review covers 19 major buildings and facilities across the UNISSULA campus.
| No. | Building / Unit | Energy Consumption 2025 | Energy-Waste Areas Reviewed | Follow-up Action |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Faculty of Pharmacy | 716,000 kWh | Laboratories, air-conditioning, refrigeration and laboratory equipment | Review equipment and AC operating hours |
| 2 | Faculty of Pharmacy – Midwifery Building | 378,000 kWh | Practice rooms, air-conditioning, lighting and teaching equipment | Evaluate operating hours and room utilisation |
| 3 | Faculty of Nursing | 437,000 kWh | Air-conditioning and practical teaching equipment | Improve operational scheduling by room |
| 4 | Faculty of Law | 398,000 kWh | Air-conditioning, computers and lighting | Optimise AC operation and equipment shutdown |
| 5 | Faculty of Islamic Studies | 358,000 kWh | Air-conditioning and lighting | Increase use of natural lighting |
| 6 | Faculty of Economics | 477,000 kWh | Air-conditioning, computers and classrooms | Apply zoning and operational controls |
| 7 | Faculty of Engineering | 576,000 kWh | Laboratories, air-conditioning, machinery and electrical equipment | Review high-power equipment |
| 8 | Faculty of Industrial Technology | 676,000 kWh | Computer laboratories, air-conditioning and technical equipment | Review equipment use and laboratory schedules |
| 9 | Faculty of Medicine | 1,431,000 kWh | Lifts, laboratories, air-conditioning and academic equipment | Prioritise laboratory and AC review |
| 10 | Faculty of Dentistry | 1,232,000 kWh | Lifts, air-conditioning and dental/clinical equipment | Review equipment and AC operating hours |
| 11 | GKB Building | 2,067,000 kWh | Lifts, air-conditioning, lighting, classrooms and long operating hours | Prioritise AC, lift and lighting review |
| 12 | IUP Building | 1,034,000 kWh | Air-conditioning, lifts and lighting | Optimise AC settings and operating hours |
| 13 | Rectorate Building | 596,000 kWh | Air-conditioning, computers and office equipment | Improve shutdown procedures and AC control |
| 14 | Auditorium Building | 517,000 kWh | Air-conditioning, lighting and sound system | Match energy use with event schedules |
| 15 | CILAD / LPPM Building | 278,000 kWh | Air-conditioning, computers and lighting | Improve shutdown practices and daylight use |
| 16 | Khumaira Building – Canteen | 338,000 kWh | Refrigerators/freezers, cooking equipment, dispensers, lighting and exhaust fans | Review operating hours and after-hours equipment use |
| 17 | Student Activity Unit Building | 318,000 kWh | Evening use and lighting | Control operating hours and room usage |
| 18 | Library | 656,000 kWh | Air-conditioning, lighting, computers and long operating hours | Apply zoning based on occupied areas |
| 19 | Abu Bakar Assegaf Mosque | 239,000 kWh | Lighting, fans, sound system and water pumps | Align equipment use with prayer and activity schedules |
| Total Consumption | 12,722,000 kWh/year |
The reviewed buildings account for approximately 12.722 million kWh of electricity consumption in 2025, equivalent to approximately 45,799 GJ, rounded to 45,800 GJ.
Identification of Priority Energy-Use Areas
The energy review identifies several buildings that require greater attention because of their relatively high electricity consumption and energy-intensive functions.
The five highest energy-consuming buildings are:
- GKB Building – 2,067,000 kWh/year
- Faculty of Medicine – 1,431,000 kWh/year
- Faculty of Dentistry – 1,232,000 kWh/year
- IUP Building – 1,034,000 kWh/year
- Faculty of Pharmacy – 716,000 kWh/year
These buildings are prioritised for further assessment because they combine relatively high energy demand with energy-intensive systems such as air-conditioning, lifts, laboratories, clinical equipment, lighting, and extended operating hours.
High electricity consumption alone is not automatically classified as energy wastage. Rather, these buildings are treated as priority locations for determining whether part of the consumption results from avoidable or inefficient practices.
Areas of Potential Energy Wastage
The energy review examines several common sources of potential energy wastage across campus facilities.
These include:
- lights remaining on in unoccupied rooms;
- air-conditioning operating when rooms are not in use;
- air-conditioning operating outside required hours;
- computers and office equipment remaining switched on after working hours;
- inefficient operation of laboratory and clinical equipment;
- excessive dependence on artificial lighting where adequate daylight is available;
- lifts and building systems operating during low-occupancy periods;
- refrigeration and cooking equipment operating unnecessarily; and
- electrical equipment remaining in standby mode for extended periods.
The findings are used to identify where corrective action can provide the greatest opportunity for reducing unnecessary electricity consumption.
Review of High-Consumption Buildings
1. GKB Building
The GKB Building records the highest electricity consumption among the reviewed campus facilities, at approximately 2,067,000 kWh per year.
Its energy demand is influenced by the operation of lifts, air-conditioning systems, lighting, classrooms, and extended building use.
The review therefore prioritises:
- AC operating schedules;
- lighting zoning;
- lift operation;
- switching off unused equipment; and
- matching electricity use with actual room occupancy.
2. Faculty of Medicine
The Faculty of Medicine records approximately 1,431,000 kWh per year.
Its energy consumption is influenced by laboratories, air-conditioning, lifts, teaching facilities, and academic equipment.
The review focuses on identifying equipment and cooling systems that may operate longer than required and determining opportunities for improving energy efficiency without affecting teaching, research, or laboratory activities.
3. Faculty of Dentistry
The Faculty of Dentistry records approximately 1,232,000 kWh per year.
Its energy requirements are associated with dental and clinical equipment, air-conditioning, lifts, lighting, and academic facilities.
Energy reviews therefore examine equipment operating hours, AC use, and opportunities to reduce unnecessary consumption outside active teaching and clinical periods.
4. IUP Building
The IUP Building records approximately 1,034,000 kWh per year.
Its review particularly focuses on air-conditioning, lift use, lighting, and operating hours.
Energy-saving opportunities include improved operational scheduling, efficient AC settings, lighting control, and switching off systems in unused areas.
5. Faculty of Pharmacy
The Faculty of Pharmacy records approximately 716,000 kWh per year.
Energy review activities focus particularly on laboratories, refrigeration equipment, air-conditioning, and other electrical appliances.
The university reviews whether operating schedules can be optimised without compromising teaching, research, laboratory safety, or the storage requirements of laboratory materials.
Energy Review of Other Campus Facilities
Energy wastage identification at UNISSULA is not limited to high-rise buildings or facilities with laboratories.
The university also reviews the operational characteristics of smaller and specialised facilities.
The Khumaira Building – Canteen, for example, is reviewed for refrigerators, freezers, cooking equipment, dispensers, lighting, exhaust fans, and electrical equipment that may remain operating after business hours.
The Abu Bakar Assegaf Mosque, which does not use air-conditioning, is reviewed primarily for lighting, fans, sound systems, water pumps, and the alignment of electricity use with prayer times and other activities.
The Library records approximately 656,000 kWh per year and is reviewed because of its relatively long operating hours and the use of air-conditioning, computers, and lighting across occupied areas.
This building-specific approach enables UNISSULA to identify potential energy wastage according to the function and operational characteristics of each facility.
Corrective Actions
Following energy reviews, UNISSULA implements or prioritises practical measures to reduce avoidable energy consumption.
These include:
- switching off lighting and electrical equipment when not in use;
- optimising air-conditioning operating hours;
- improving AC temperature management;
- replacing less efficient lighting with LED systems;
- increasing the use of natural daylight;
- improving natural ventilation where appropriate;
- zoning lighting and air-conditioning according to occupied areas;
- reviewing the operating schedules of laboratories and high-power equipment;
- reducing unnecessary standby electricity consumption; and
- incorporating energy-efficiency improvements into building renovation.
These measures are designed to reduce unnecessary electricity use while maintaining the operational requirements of teaching, research, administration, worship, student activities, and campus services.
Connection with the UNISSULA Energy Efficiency Plan
The energy review supports UNISSULA’s institutional Energy Efficiency Plan.
The plan applies across faculties, units, buildings, and university facilities and includes LED lighting, energy-efficient air-conditioning and electrical equipment, natural lighting and ventilation, building renovation, solar panels, and switching off equipment when it is not required.
The university’s energy plan also provides for periodic evaluation of energy consumption to identify high-consumption areas and opportunities for energy saving.
The results of these reviews are used to support continuous improvements in energy efficiency and further reductions in overall energy consumption.
Continuous Energy Review Process
UNISSULA applies a continuous energy-management cycle:
review energy consumption → identify high-use areas → investigate potential energy wastage → determine corrective measures → improve operational efficiency → conduct further review
This process allows the university to progressively identify inefficient energy use and focus improvement measures on areas with the greatest potential for energy savings.
Total Energy Reviewed
Across the 19 major campus buildings and facilities included in the review, total electricity consumption in 2025 is:
12,722,000 kWh/year
Using the conversion:
1 kWh = 0.0036 GJ
the total is equivalent to:
12,722,000 × 0.0036 = 45,799.2 GJ
or approximately:
45,800 GJ
This figure provides a quantitative basis for UNISSULA’s campus-wide energy review and supports the identification of priority areas for efficiency improvement.